Do you always consider hiring an electrician is being the best way to go
where 220v or any other volt circuits are concerned or terminated? From now
onward, you will come to notice that if you are up to it, you can save even
more money by doing some basic electrical work yourself.
This article covers some basic steps for installing a simple electric
circuit
Ø
It is recommended that you take a few minutes to familiarize yourself
with all of the tips in this article
1
v Turn off the power
feeding the panel you are going to be working in (that is if you are planning
to add another circuit to any existing one)
Shut (switch) off all the individual circuit breakers in the existing
panel you want to work on, and then shut off the main switch breaker that supplies
power to the panel. It is preferable because it is much safer to operate many
smaller current devices, one at a time; than to operate a single, large current
device just once. When all the smaller circuit breakers are off, the amount of
current flowing through the larger circuit breaker should be zero.
2
v How to connect simple
electrical circuit.
This article may not cover all the information, which may vary depending
on the type of installation you are doing, and the type of existing wiring you
may be connecting to. But at the end you will be able to take or learn one if
not more things to solving your electrical troubles. And don’t forget to search
in this blog for other topics that may be interesting to you.
3
v Look at the
following requirements that must be considered before proceeding with this
project.
Below are short listed topics or articles that are not part of this
article, i recommend you first of all read this articles related to the listed
topics before proceeding in your project:
So these items should be
addressed before starting.
ü You will need to
get and install the receptacle (junction) box. For flush installation in a
drywall wall, you may choose a cut in or repair type,
for other installations, a surface mounted cast aluminium or PVC weather
resistant (damp location) box may be applicable.
ü You will need to
determine the path for the wires between the receptacle box and the electrical
panel box.
ü You will need to
install conduit if you use single insulated wires or will want your project
look more beautiful
ü Install the actual
wires if you use a non-metallic cable.
4
v Measure the
distance from the electrical panel box to the location your new outlet will be
installed, following the path you have selected, and trying to determine the
actual distance the wire must run.
Allow a little extra for corners, especially if you are installing in
conduit, since these have ride radius curves for turning sharp angles. Also,
allow at least some reasonable inches for hooking the wires to the breaker or
fuse block and neutral and ground terminals in the panel box, and also few inches
for terminating in the receptacle box.
5
v Feed the wires
through the conduit from the receptacle box. Put a couple of pieces of
electrical tape or sleeves for insulation purpose
Over the end of your wires, insulate the wires either with electrical
tape or sleeves so the copper is not exposed. This can be more helpful to you
while working because if your wire touches an exposed live conductor while
feeding it through, it won't short out or conduct the current back to you.
ü Either way, you
have to get the wire run between the electric panel and the outlet box in a way
that it is not exposed and the insulating is not damaged.
ü If you have
installed conduit and the run is very short, you may be able to just push the
wire from the outlet box back through to the electric panel.
ü For long runs, you
may need to push a "fish tape" through the conduit so you can hook
onto the wire and pull it through.
ü If you don't have conduit,
you will have to fish the cable or remove wall board and possibly drill holes through the wall studs to feed the wire through.
6
To get an accurate and professional connection
of your wires to your connection boxes or connectors, Cut the wire to length so
that 20cm (8") sticks out of the outlet box, and about 80cm (30")
sticks out at the electrical panel.
7
v Cut about 15cm
(6") of the (usually the black sheave) outer jacket away from the
wire
Being careful not to damage the inner red, black and green/yellow wires,
strip off about 15cm of the outer sheave covering the insulated conductors with
their coding red, black, green/yellow. This usually leaves one bare copper or
green/yellow wire (the ground wire), one red wire (the live
wire) and one black wire (the neutral wire).
8
v Strip about 1.5 cm
(5/8") of the insulation away from the end of both the red and black
wires.
If you have wire strippers, simply
clamp the insulated wire in the slot that matches the size of your wire, turn
the strippers half a turn to score the insulation, and pull the wire through.
This will remove the insulation without damaging the copper conductor inside
it.
ü If you can't strip
the jacket, use the "14 gauge" jaws. Using the 12 gauge jaws of the
tool significantly decreases the chance of nicking the wire. When using the 14
gauge jaws, hold the tool at a right angle to the wire, otherwise you will
damage the wire. Also strip the end of the ground wire if it is not a bare
conductor and is insulated. You have o be very careful while piling off the
insulations from the conductor and avoid mistakes that could make you cut to try again before the wires will start to get too short to work with. It is very
important not to nick the wire.
9
v Use the needle nose
pliers to form a small hook at the exposed copper ends of all the wires to
attach to the terminals on your receptacle if you are not going to feed
additions devices through this outlet.
Otherwise, you can
also cut about 8" pieces of black, white and bare or green/yellow wires
from the unused portion of the roll to be used as pigtails (end coils)
10
v Carefully strip
both ends of the pigtails just as mentioned above.
Gather all of the
live wires which are usually red, blue or yellow (note: these colours may
change depending on every country’s coding standards) and pigtail. Twist
them together and spin any properly sized wire nut securely over the top. Be
careful that no wire is exposed or is extending from the insulating cover of
the wire nut.
11
v Fold the group of
wires towards the back of the box, with the pigtail sticking out to the front
of the box.
Use the long nose
pliers or any other suitable tool to form a small hook of the exposed copper
end of pigtail. This lone wire represents the bundle of wires formed for
termination, and will be easier to work with than trying to terminate a whole
bundle of wires together at the terminal box.
12
v Repeat step 11
Repeat the same
procedures as STEP 11 for other groups or sets of wires, Remember; If you are
working with a metal box, then you'll need to cut an extra bare or green/yellow
wire to ground the box. (Earthling)
13
v Look at the outlet.
On the side of the
outlet, you will see screws. The screws will be darker on one side than the
other, usually, brass for the dark side, and silver for the lighter side. On
the back of the outlet, you will see 2 or 4 sets of small round holes near the
screws. These are the "quick connect" points.
ü NOTE: be sure you
make your connection points or terminals tighten firmly to avoid failure or
loose contacts, You can use either the wiring screws or the quick connects.
However, the screws are the preferred method as they provide a better contact
between the wires and the outlet. Also, if you fail to strip enough wire for
the quick connect, the wire can work itself loose over time causing all the
outlets downstream to fail.
14
v Wrap the hook you
made on the wires around the screw terminals of the outlet.
Doing this
provides a significantly superior connection compared to back-wiring, and most
electricians use this technique on their own houses because of it. If you
insist on back-wiring, insert the tip of the black wire into one of the holes
nearest the dark screws and push it in as far as it will go. You may need to
use the needle nose pliers to push the wire in, as these can be really stiff
sometimes. The wire should go nearly the full 1.5 cm (5/8") in. Repeat
this with the white wire into a hole near the lighter colour screws.
15
v Put the hook you
made in the ground wire clockwise around the green screw.
Tighten the screw
until it is secure. This connection must be tight. Then gently push all the
wires back inside the electrical box or panel and screw the oulet into their
places and then replace the cover back
Congratulations,
you have just completed the wiring of your circuit
16
v Go back to the
electric panel.
Make sure you double-check that the power is turned off.
Although it is advice able to treat all
exposed wires and conductive metal and conductors as though it is live (energized, or is carrying current). Always be sure
to protect yourself against electrical shock, by placing a rubber mat on the
floor and stand on it while you try bending the wires out from the panel while
stile working in your project, and do well to protect your hand so that they do
no touch any live wire
17
v Locate the grounding
bus bar
This is a
long bar with many screw terminals with existing uninsulated and green
insulated (ground) wires terminated to it and often times will have white wires
terminated to it as well. Most properties with only one electrical
panel has a single such bus bar (as described above) for the termination of
both ground and neutral wires. Most properties that have more
than one electrical panel (a second panel for a detached garage or
dedicated shop area; or provided during expansion of or addition to a home -
are common scenarios), are required to have a bus bar for the termination of
ground wires and a separate bus bar for the termination of
neutral wires. Suffice to say, if the panel has one bar used to terminate only
white wires and another bus bar used to terminate only green or / and bare
wires, it is very important to maintain the integrity of these
two systems by adding ground wires only to the ground bus bar and neutral wires
only to the neutral bus bar. Failure to do so is a code violation and a
potential shock hazard.
18
v Cut the ground wire
to length so that it comfortably reaches the grounding post after following a path out of the way of other wires, typically
following right-angles across the bottom of the panel and up to the grounding
post.
Don't cut it
too short, but don't leave too much slack either. If the ground wire has a
green jacket, strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the jacket from the end of the wire.
19
v Find an unused
terminal on this grounding bar,
unscrew it part way, insert the ground wire, and then tighten the screw
back down onto the exposed copper until the wire is secure. Place only
one wire per terminal. Do not over tighten and crush the conductor under the
screw.
20
v Locate the neutral
bar if there is one.
This is
similar to the grounding post, except that it will have only white wires hooked
into it. In many cases, the neutral bar and ground bar are the same. If this is
the case, both the ground wire and the white neutral wire may be terminated to
the same grounding bar.
22
v Cut the white
neutral wire to length, then
strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the jacket off and bind it to the neutral
binding post the same way as you did for the ground wire. Place only
one wire per terminal. Do not over tighten and crush the conductor under the
screw.
23
v Locate the open
slot in the electrical panel that you want to install this circuit into.
Note that
there is a "hot" conductive bar that sticks out on one side, and a
plastic or grounded metal tab on the other (depending on panel manufacturer).
26
v Being careful to
not touch anything conductive
determine the length of wire needed to reach this slot easily, also
following a path around the outside of the panel. Cut the wire to length.
27
v Check or select a
circuit breaker suitable for the task and panel.
The panel cover
will provide a list of circuit breakers models that have been tested with and
are approved for use in the panel by an independent test facility such as UL
(Underwriters Labs), FM (Factory Mutual), etc.. Under no circumstances should
any circuit breaker that does not appear on this list be installed into the
panel - regardless if it fits; or not. Circuit breakers made by Square D,
Murray, ITE, Sylvania, Westinghouse, Moeller, ABB, hacker etc. are to be
installed in panels made by the same breaker manufacturer. Do not make the
mistake of trying to install a Square D (or other manufacturer) circuit breaker
into a different manufacturer's panel.
28
v Locate the single binding
screw on the new circuit breaker.
Don't put the
breaker in place yet, but take a look at how there is a slot for the tab in the
panel to fit into, and there is another slot where the conductive bar will fit.
Strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the end of
the black wire, insert it into the breaker, and bind it securely to the
breaker. Be sure to check and confirm that you breached
31
v Standing on the
rubber mat, place one hand at your side or behind your back...
This is not a
tasteless joke, but is actually a safety measure. Working with two hands is
dangerous because if you ever touch anything that is hot, current can run in
one arm, through your heart, and back out the other arm. One hand is all you
need, so keep the other out of the way. And then slot in the v
33
v Then firmly push
the other end of the breaker in over the electrical contact until it is seated
in line with the other breakers.
34
v Locate the place on
the panel cover where this new breaker needs to be exposed.
There is very
likely a metal tab that needs to be broken out of the panel so the new breaker
can stick out from it. Break out this metal tab and put the cover back on the
panel.
35
v Restore power to
the panel.
Reverse the order
of the shut down procedure in the first step by turning the main breaker back
on. This large current switch has no load on it and will be less stressful on
it as a result. Continue restoring power to the circuits by moving remaining
circuit breaker handles to the on position, one at a time. Hold off on turning
the new circuit on for last. Once all the other circuits have been restored,
check that all the original electrical circuits & devices are functioning
once again. If any breaker immediately trips, it probably indicates that you
created a short circuit. In this case, you will need to either shut all the
power off and carefully inspect the panel and / or other work to find it; or
call in an electrician.
36
v Turn the new
circuit on.
If it
immediately trips, you will need to recheck your work and connections.
37
v Plug a lamp into
your new circuit to test it.
Odds are that it
will now work just as it should. Smile because you just saved yourself certain
amount of money
·
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